Stevens (1792–1868) was a member of the U.S. Thaddeus Stevens, delivered to the City of Lancaster, September 7, 1865” (Lancaster, Pa.: Examiner and Herald Print, 1865). Also published as a pamphlet, “Reconstruction, Speech of the Hon. 6, 1865, The Lancaster Daily Evening Express, September 10, 1865.
An Address Delivered to the Citizens of Lancaster, Sept. Thaddeus Stevens on the Great Topic of the Hour. He defended the system of segregation developed in the South after Reconstruction (including lynching) segregation was not challenged until the 1950s and 1960s. The long-term effects of Reconstruction – or its failure – are evident in Senator Tillman’s speech from 1900.
Meanwhile, the freed men and women sought to construct new lives in extraordinarily difficult circumstances. They, too, considered constitutional limits (especially Thaddeus Stevens), and concluded that, for the ultimate good of the Union and all its people, the seceding states had to be treated as conquered territories. Other Republicans believed that the South had to be reconstructed in a fundamental way. President Lincoln encouraged reconciliation, and a respect for the constitutional limits of the authority of the President, the Congress and the states. This issue became more pressing as the war ended. As the Civil War progressed and Union forces gained control of territory in states that had seceded, the question arose as to how that territory and its people – slave and free – should be dealt with.
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